Event-Related Potentials (ERPs) are voltage fluctuations time-locked to a sensory, cognitive, or motor event. One of the most widely studied ERP components is the P300, a positive-going waveform that typically occurs around 300 ms after an infrequent or significant stimulus.

The P300 is most clearly elicited using an oddball paradigm, where the subject is presented with a series of frequent “standard” stimuli and rare “oddball” stimuli. By averaging many trials, the P300 response becomes clear due to the brain’s detection of novelty or change. The IX-ERP macro is configured to deliver 50 oddball events, ensuring sufficient averaging to reveal a distinct P300 peak.