Included with: 
Lab Equipment Required:
IX-TA-ROAM, , EM-220
Description: In this lab you will study the time taken between a stimulus and the response. These reaction time measurements will be made from an individual subjected to harmless visual and sound stimuli. In addition, the effect of priming and prediction will be examined.
Goals
1. Students will gain an understanding of a reflex arc and how the spinal cord and peripheral nerves function in the human body 2. Students will be able to successfully record responses from subjects to auditory and visual stimuli. 3. Students should be able to measure the response time of their subjects to different cues and relate it to the functioning of the spinal nerves. 4. Students will continue to be successful at using the LabScribe software to move cursors, analyze data, record data to the Journal, and add functions to the Analysis window.
Outcomes
Students who have successfully completed this exercise will: 1. understand and be able to draw a reflex arc. 2. have recorded responses of subjects to both auditory and visual stimuli. 3. determine a subject’s response time to various cues. 4. be able to determine the effect of different types of auditory cues on response time. 5. feel comfortable transferring data to the Journal and interpreting that data to answer questions about their recordings. 6. have used the functions available in the Analysis window to determine values necessary for this exercise.
Included with:
Lab Equipment Required:
IX-TA-ROAM, , ROAM-B2A , PRH-200
Description: Students will record electromyograms (EMGs), the summation of asynchronous electrical activity (muscle action potentials) in the multiple fibers in the muscle, and use them to determine the time between the stretch of the tendon and the arrival of the motor impulse at the muscle.
Goals
1. Students will successfully trigger and record electromyograms (EMGs) using a reflex hammer and iWorx software, respectively. 2. Students will gain an understanding of the muscles in the leg and how they work and respond to stimuli. 3. Students will gain an understanding of the both the Achilles and patellar stretch reflexes and the reflex arc. 4. Students should be able to measure the conduction times and nerve velocities for the Achilles and patellar reflexes using electromyograms (EMGs). 5. Students will measure the effect of pre-existing tension in the effector muscle, or motor activity in other muscle groups, upon reflex responses. 6. Students will also study the coordination of motor activity in antagonistic muscles. 7. Students will continue to be successful at using the LabScribe software to move cursors, analyze data, record data to the Journal, and add functions to the Analysis window.
Outcomes
Students who have successfully completed this exercise will: 1. understand and be able to draw a reflex arc. 2. have recorded EMG responses of subjects to stimulation of the Achilles and patellar tendons using a reflex hammer. 3. be able to determine the conduction times and nerve velocities using EMG recordings. 4. have measured the effect of pre-existing tension on muscles or muscle groups. 5. have gained understanding of the reasons for different conduction and reaction times of reflexes at different locations on the human body. 6. feel comfortable transferring data to the Journal and interpreting that data to answer questions about their recordings. 7. have used the functions available in the Analysis window to determine values necessary for this exercise.
Included with:
Lab Equipment Required:
IX-TA-ROAM, , ROAM-B2A , C-HVS-SL2
Description: In this experiment, the ulnar nerve of a subject will be stimulated and the response of a muscle innervated by the nerve will be recorded as an indicator of nerve activity. Three aspects of nerve activity will be studied in this experiment: the relationship between stimulus strength and the amplitude of the nerve/muscle response; the latency of the nerve as a function of the polarity of the stimulus pulse; and the nerve conduction velocity. To measure nerve conduction velocity, the nerve will be stimulated at two different points along its length. Because the distance between the two stimulation points and time difference between muscle responses from those two positions can be measured, the nerve conduction velocity can be calculated.
Goals
1. Students will gain an understanding of how a stimulus is applied to a nerve to gain a response. 2. Students will gain an understanding of the Compound Action Potential (CAP) generated by a nerve as a response to a stimulus. 3. Students will be able to successfully measure CAPs of the nerves in the forearm. 4. Students will gain an understanding of summation and the relationship to nerve conduction velocity. 5. Students will understand the relationship between stimulus strength and the amplitude of the nerve/muscle response; the latency of the nerve as a function of the polarity of the stimulus pulse; and the nerve conduction velocity. 6. Students will continue to be successful at using the LabScribe software to move cursors, analyze data, record data to the Journal, and add functions to the Analysis window.
Outcomes
Students who have successfully completed this exercise will: 1. have gained an understand of the effect of stimulus strength of the response of the innervated muscle. 2. understand how the amplitude of the CAP relates to threshold. 3. have gained an understanding of how the polarity of the stimulus pulse effects the latency and amplitude of the CAP. 4. have calculated the nerve conduction velocity of the ulnar nerve and understand how that relates to the functionality of the nerve/muscle response. 5. Students will continue to be successful at using the LabScribe software to move cursors, analyze data, record data to the Journal, and add functions to the Analysis window.
Included with:
Lab Equipment Required:
IX-TA-ROAM, , EM-220 , FRS-220
Description: In this lab you will study the time taken between a stimulus and the response. These reaction time measurements will be made from an individual subjected to visual and sound stimuli. Reaction times will be compared when using the hand or the foot as the reactor in these exercises.
Goals
1. Students will gain an understanding of a reflex arc and how the spinal cord and peripheral nerves function in the human body 2. Students will be able to successfully record responses from subjects to auditory and visual stimuli on reactions of both the hand and the foot. 3. Students should be able to measure the response time of their subjects to different cues and relate it to the functioning of the spinal nerves. 4. Students will continue to be successful at using the LabScribe software to move cursors, analyze data, record data to the Journal, and add functions to the Analysis window.
Outcomes
Students who have successfully completed this exercise will: 1. understand and be able to draw a reflex arc. 2. have recorded responses of subjects to both auditory and visual stimuli. 3. determine a subject’s response time to various cues using the hand vs. the foot - looking at eye-hand vs. eye-foot coordination. 4. be able to determine the effect of using different body parts on response time to various cues. 5. feel comfortable transferring data to the Journal and interpreting that data to answer questions about their recordings. 6. have used the functions available in the Analysis window to determine values necessary for this exercise.
Included with:
Lab Equipment Required:
IX-TA-ROAM, , ROAM-B2A , C-HVS-SL2
Description: In this experiment, the H-reflex test is performed using an isolated stimulator, which will deliver a square-wave pulse of short duration and small amplitude. EMG electrodes record the muscle activity. The reflex is usually a clear wave, called an H-wave (or H-reflex), 28-35 ms after the stimulus. An M-wave, an early response representing direct efferent stimulation, may be seen 3-6 ms after the onset of stimulation. The H-wave is the later response.
Goals
1. Students will gain an understanding of how a stimulus is applied to a nerve to gain a response. 2. Students will gain an understanding of the Compound Action Potential (CAP) generated by a nerve as a response to a stimulus. 3. Students will be able to successfully measure CAPs of the nerves in the lower leg, specifically those for the soleus muscle. 4. Students will investigate the H-reflex response and the M-wave response during muscle stimulation. 5. Students will design optional exercises, including but not limited to: ◦ using the Jendrassik maneuver and determine the result on the Hoffman Reflex. ◦ adding a small weight to the foot. ◦ altering the temperature, using either an ice pack or moist heat pack, to determine the H-reflex in both situations. ◦ collecting a maximal M-wave. Calculate the Hmax:Mmax ratio which is the standard for reporting in sports medicine. 6. Students will continue to be successful at using the LabScribe software to move cursors, analyze data, record data to the Journal, and add functions to the Analysis window.
Outcomes
Students who have successfully completed this exercise will: 1. have gained an understand of the effect of stimulus strength of the response of the innervated muscle. 2. understand how the amplitude of the CAP relates to threshold. 3. be able to design their own hypothesis and carry out the experiment to record and collect data accurately. 4. understand that different parameters can have varying effect on the CAP action and muscle response. 5. feel comfortable transferring data to the Journal and interpreting that data to answer questions about their recordings. 6. have used the functions available in the Analysis window to determine values necessary for this exercise.
Included with:
Lab Equipment Required:
IX-TA-ROAM, , ROAM-B2A , C-HVS-SL2
Description: The objective of this laboratory exercise is to measure the nerve conduction velocity of the median nerve. The median nerve is a major nerve of the upper limb. As illustrated, it originates from the medial and lateral cords of the brachial plexus of the spinal cord, specifically C5-T1. The nerve runs parallel to the humerus in the brachial region and through the elbow joint where it enters the forearm between the pronator teres muscle and the biceps tendon. It courses along the longitudinal plane on the anterior surface of the arm before passing through the carpal tunnel to innervate the first 3 ½ digits in the palmar and dorsal regions of the hand. The motor fibers of the median nerve control muscles that regulate movement of these digits.
Goals
1. Students will gain an understanding of how a stimulus is applied to a nerve to gain a response. 2. Students will gain an understanding of the Compound Action Potential (CAP) generated by a nerve as a response to a stimulus. 3. Students will be able to successfully measure CAPs of the nerves in the forearm. 4. Students will gain an understanding of summation and the relationship to nerve conduction velocity. 5. Students will understand the relationship between stimulus strength and the amplitude of the nerve/muscle response; the latency of the nerve as a function of the polarity of the stimulus pulse; and the nerve conduction velocity. 6. Students will continue to be successful at using the LabScribe software to move cursors, analyze data, record data to the Journal, and add functions to the Analysis window.
Outcomes
Students who have successfully completed this exercise will: 1. have gained an understand of the effect of stimulus strength of the response of the innervated muscle. 2. understand how the amplitude of the CAP relates to threshold. 3. have gained an understanding of how the polarity of the stimulus pulse effects the latency and amplitude of the CAP. 4. have calculated the nerve conduction velocity of the ulnar nerve and understand how that relates to the functionality of the nerve/muscle response. 5. Students will continue to be successful at using the LabScribe software to move cursors, analyze data, record data to the Journal, and add functions to the Analysis window.
Included with:
Lab Equipment Required:
IX-TA-ROAM, , ROAM-B2A , FT-220 , C-HVS-SL2
Description: In lab, since we do not have the capability to get Iron Man’s suit or 3-D print a prosthetic, we can use one person as the “brain” and one person as the “prosthesis”. This means that one person will have the ability to actually control the movements of the other!
Goals
Outcomes
Included with:
Lab Equipment Required:
IX-TA-ROAM, , PPG-320 , EM-220
Description: This lab will investigate the both the reflex response and the heart rate in subjects who are “under stress” to answer chapter review questions, or any game show questions, accurately.
Goals
Outcomes
Included with:
Lab Equipment Required:
IX-TA-ROAM, , PPG-320 , RPD-320 , ROAM-B2A , A-RM-220
Description: The lab activity shown here is based on “Whack-a-Mole” and set to measure reaction time, accuracy and pulse. Add any other channels to measure other physiological concepts. Directions for adding other channels can be found right in the Set Up information.
Goals
Outcomes
Included with:
Lab Equipment Required:
IX-TA-ROAM, , EM-220 , EM-220
Description: In this experiment, students will measure the time between the onset of a color stimulus and the onset of a subject’s response. They will also look at the difference in reaction times in responding to green vs. red. After becoming accustomed to responding to only one color, the subjects will be asked to respond to a specific color (green or red) when sequences that include both colors are presented. The reaction times from these sequences will be compared to determine if latencies change when subjects are asked to “think before they act”. Subjects can also engage in competition – who has the fastest reaction time…and to what color?
Goals
Outcomes
Included with:
Lab Equipment Required:
IX-TA-ROAM, , ROAM-B2A , C-HVS-SL2
Description: The effect of handedness on nerve conduction has not been fully studied and this lab aims to draw some conclusion to this question: Does the dominant limb have both faster reaction time and faster nerve conduction velocity than the non-dominant limb?
Goals
Outcomes
Included with:
Lab Equipment Required:
IX-TA-ROAM, , EM-220 , C-HVS-SL2
Description: In this lab you will study the time taken between a stimulus and the response. These reaction time measurements will be made from an individual shown a neutral visual stimulus and then to that same neutral stimulus when a small shock is applied IF the reaction is not fast enough.
Goals
Outcomes
Included with:
Lab Equipment Required:
Description: Using models connected to a computer interface can actually allow us to see the action potentials generated by the eye and the ear based on what colors there are “seeing” and sounds they are “hearing”. Spike sorting is used to analyze the data.
Goals
Outcomes
Included with:
Lab Equipment Required:
Description: Using models connected to a computer interface can actually allow us to see the action potentials generated by the eye and the ear based on what colors there are “seeing” and sounds they are “hearing”. Data analysis uses the spike sorting module.
