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Lab Equipment Required: 
Description: In this experiment, you will record a single lead ECG and the pulse wave in the finger of a subject simultaneously. This exercise will demonstrate the time delay that occurs between the electrical events in the heart and mechanical events in the circulatory system. You will also examine the effects of temperature on peripheral circulation.
Goals
1. Students will be able to successfully record a three-lead Electrocardiogram (ECG) and examine the relationship of the ECG to the peripheral circulation. 2. Students will be able to record and look at the effects of hot and cold on an ECG and pulse in the extremities. 3. Students will continue to be successful at using the LabScribe software to move cursors, analyze data, record data to the Journal, and add functions to the Analysis window.
Outcomes
Students who have successfully completed this exercise will: 1. have recorded a recognizable ECG. 2. have been able to interpret an ECG, especially the individual P and T waves, and the QRS complex. 3. be able to calculate the heart rate of an individual from the recorded data. 4. feel comfortable transferring data to the Journal and interpreting that data to answer questions about their recordings. 5. have used the functions available in the Analysis window to determine values for arterial pulse amplitude and heart rate, and the amplitudes of various ECG waves. 6. have been able to examine and interpret the effects of hot and cold on peripheral circulation.
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Lab Equipment Required: Description: In this laboratory you will record the electrocardiogram and the finger pulse from a (healthy) subject. These parameters will be recorded when the subject is at rest and immediately after exercise.
Goals
1. Students will be able to successfully record a three-lead Electrocardiogram (ECG) and examine the relationship between the ECG and the peripheral circulation. 2. Students will be able to record and look at the effects of exercise on an ECG and pulse in different subjects during the lab period. 3. Students will continue to be successful at using the LabScribe software to move cursors, analyze data, record data to the Journal, and add functions to the Analysis window.
Outcomes
Students who have successfully completed this exercise will: 1. have recorded a recognizable ECG. 2. have been able to interpret an ECG, especially the individual P and T waves, and the QRS complex. 3. be able to calculate the heart rate of an individual from the recorded data. 4. feel comfortable transferring data to the Journal and interpreting that data to answer questions about their recordings. 5. have used the functions available in the Analysis window to determine values for arterial pulse amplitude and heart rate, and the amplitudes of various ECG waves. 6. have been able to examine and interpret the effects of exercise on ECG and pulse amplitudes and timing.
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Lab Equipment Required: Description: In this experiment, students will place five electrodes on a subject and be able to record six different views of the subject’s heart. Each view is often referred to as a lead. This is possible because the electrodes are used in different combinations, as either recording or reference electrodes, to create six different views of the heart.
Goals
1. Students will be able to successfully record a six-lead Electrocardiogram (ECG) and interpret a six-lead ECG. 2. Students will interpret data looking at the different ECG leads: I, II, III, aVL, aVR, and aVF. 3. Students will be able to calculate amplitudes of the P, R and T waves; the QRS axis; and the heart angle from the data collected during recording. 4. Students will continue to be successful at using the LabScribe software to move cursors, analyze data, record data to the Journal, and add functions to the Analysis window.
Outcomes
Students who have successfully completed this exercise will: 1. have recorded a recognizable six-lead ECG. 2. have been able to interpret an ECG, especially the individual P and T waves, the QRS complex, and answer questions about these waves. 3. be able to calculate the heart angle of an individual from the recorded data. 4. feel comfortable transferring data to the Journal and interpreting that data to answer questions about their recordings. 5. have used the functions available in the Analysis window to determine values for arterial pulse amplitude and heart rate, and various ECG amplitudes.
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Lab Equipment Required: Description: In this experiment, students will determine their normal heart rates while resting, holding their breath, and holding their breath as they submerge their faces in cool water.
Goals
1. Students will be able to successfully record a pulse using the plethysmograph. 2. Students will be able to record and look at the effects of apnea, and facial immersion into both room temperature and cold water on the pulse wave. 3. As an optional exercise, students will be able to examine the effects of apnea, and facial immersion into both room temperature and cold water on respiration rate and depth. 4. Students will continue to be successful at using the LabScribe software to move cursors, analyze data, record data to the Journal, and add functions to the Analysis window.
Outcomes
Students who have successfully completed this exercise will: 1. have recorded a recognizable pulse wave and heart rate trace on a resting individual. 2. have recorded a recognizable pulse wave and heart rate trace on an individual during apnea and facial immersion into room temperature and cold temperature water. 3. be able to calculate the pulse rate of an individual from the recorded data and understand the effects of the diving reflex. 4. feel comfortable transferring data to the Journal and interpreting that data to answer questions about their recordings. 5. have used the functions available in the Analysis window to determine values necessary for this exercise. 6. as an optional exercise have been able to examine and interpret the effects of apnea, and facial immersion into both room temperature and cold water on respiration rate and depth.
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Lab Equipment Required: Description: In this experiment, a power spectral analysis (PSA) of the heart rate variability (HRV) of a subject will be determined from the subject’s ECG. The analysis involves the mathematical transformation of the ECG record to yield its power spectrum and the analysis of the spectrum to determine the density of defined frequency ranges in the spectrum. The first step in the analysis is to express successive R-R intervals in the record as a function of the time or the heartbeat number in the record.
Goals
1. Students will be able to successfully record a three-lead Electrocardiogram (ECG) and examine heart rate variability (HRV) while resting, after exercise and during a psychological test. 2. Students will be able to record and look at the effects of exercise and a stressful test on HRV. 3. Students will continue to be successful at using the LabScribe software to move cursors, analyze data, record data to the Journal, and add functions to the Analysis window.
Outcomes
Students who have successfully completed this exercise will: 1. have recorded a recognizable ECG and be able to calculate the heart rate of an individual from the recorded data. 2. have been able to interpret an ECG, especially the individual P and T waves, and the QRS complex. 3. be able to interpret data to look at HRV after exercise and during a psychological test. 4. answered questions about HRV and how HRV is influenced during times of “stress”. 5. feel comfortable transferring data to the Journal and interpreting that data to answer questions about their recordings.
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Lab Equipment Required: Description: In this lab, students will record the heart sounds that occur during the cardiac cycle using a heart sound monitor placed on the four prescribed auscultation areas around the heart. The first heart sound (S1) occurs during the early phase of ventricular contraction and is produced by closing of the atrioventricular valves, which prevents blood flow back into the atria as the ventricle contracts. The second heart sound (S2) occurs when the ventricles relax and is produced by the closing of the semilunar valves, which prevents blood from flowing back into the ventricles from the large blood vessels. The ECG of the subject is recorded as the heart sounds are recorded so that you can visualize when heart sounds occur during the ECG cycle.
Goals
1. Students will be able to successfully record a three-lead Electrocardiogram (ECG) and listen to heart sounds using a heart sounds microphone. 2. Students will be able to compare the ECG to the heart sounds and determine when the sounds occur during a cardiac cycle. 3. Students will understand and be able to locate the 4 major auscultation areas on the chest. 4. Students will monitor ECG and heart sounds under varying conditions. 5. Students will continue to be successful at using the LabScribe software to move cursors, analyze data, record data to the Journal, and add functions to the Analysis window.
Outcomes
Students who have successfully completed this exercise will: 1. have recorded a recognizable ECG. 2. have been able to interpret an ECG, especially the individual P and T waves, and the QRS complex. 3. have calculated the ratio of the average area to the average duration of the heart sound integrals for the S1 and S2 heart sounds from each auscultation area. 4. have determined the relative amplitude of each heart sound from each auscultation area. 5. feel comfortable transferring data to the Journal and interpreting that data to answer questions about their recordings. 6. have been able to examine and interpret the heart sounds and when they occur in an ECG recording.
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Lab Equipment Required: Description: In this lab you will record the ECG and heart sounds from a subject and, with the aid of a stethoscope, hear those characteristic sounds of the heartbeat, typically described as a “lub-dub.” These sounds are produced by the closure of the heart valves.
Goals
1. Students will be able to successfully record a three-lead Electrocardiogram (ECG) and listen to heart sounds using an electronic stethoscope. 2. Students will be able to use a stethoscope correctly and accurately. 3. Students will understand and be able to locate the 4 major auscultation areas on the chest. 4. Students will be able to compare the ECG to the heart sounds and determine when the sounds occur during a cardiac cycle. 5. Students will monitor ECG and heart sounds under varying conditions. 6. Students will continue to be successful at using the LabScribe software to move cursors, analyze data, record data to the Journal, and add functions to the Analysis window.
Outcomes
Students who have successfully completed this exercise will: 1. have recorded a recognizable ECG. 2. have been able to interpret an ECG, especially the individual P and T waves, and the QRS complex. 3. have calculated the ratio of the average area to the average duration of the heart sound integrals for the S1 and S2 heart sounds from each auscultation area. 4. have determined the relative amplitude of each heart sound from each auscultation area. 5. feel comfortable transferring data to the Journal and interpreting that data to answer questions about their recordings. 6. have been able to examine and interpret the heart sounds and when they occur in an ECG recording.
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Lab Equipment Required: Description: In this lab, you will record electrocardiograms from Lead I, Lead II, and one of the six chest leads. Lead I will be used as a reference. The augmented limb leads; Lead III, aVR, aVL, and aVF, will be calculated from the reference electrode. The chest lead will be moved to the correct locations on the subjects chest to record each of 6 chest lead positions. The amplitudes and shapes from each chest lead will be compared, and the transition point of each subject will be determined.
Goals
1. Students will be able to successfully record and interpret a 12-lead Electrocardiogram (ECG). 2. Students will interpret data looking at the different ECG leads: I, II, III, aVL, aVR, and aVF, and the 6 chest leads. 3. Students will be able to calculate amplitudes of the P, R and T waves; the QRS axis; and the heart angle from the data collected during recording. 4. Students will continue to be successful at using the LabScribe software to move cursors, analyze data, record data to the Journal, and add functions to the Analysis window.
Outcomes
Students who have successfully completed this exercise will: 1. have recorded a recognizable 12-lead ECG. 2. have been able to interpret an ECG, especially the individual P and T waves, the QRS complex, and answer questions about these waves. 3. be able to calculate the heart angle of an individual from the recorded data. 4. feel comfortable transferring data to the Journal and interpreting that data to answer questions about their recordings. 5. have used the functions available in the Analysis window to determine values for arterial pulse amplitude and heart rate, and various ECG amplitudes.
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Lab Equipment Required: Description: In this experiment, you will record and analyze a three lead ECG directly from a live subject, as well as recording a variety of simulated ECG heart rhythms. These laboratory exercises will demonstrate the differences between normal and abnormal electrical events in the heart. Students can also examine the differences between adult ECG heart rhythms and those of an infant.
Goals
1. Students will be able to successfully record an Electrocardiogram (ECG) both on a live subject and using an ECG Simulator. 2. Students will be able to record a normal sinus rhythm both on the their subject and using the simulator. 3. Students will be able to use the ECG simulator to record abnormal cardiac rhythms. 4. Students will continue to be successful at using the LabScribe software to move cursors, analyze data, record data to the Journal, and add functions to the Analysis window.
Outcomes
Students who have successfully completed this exercise will: 1. have recorded a recognizable ECG with a normal sinus rhythm. 2. be able to interpret an ECG, especially the individual P and T waves, and the QRS complex. 3. be able to calculate the heart rate of an individual from the recorded data. 4. be able to recognize and understand the differences in ECG recordings during abnormal cardiac situations. 5. understand the physiology behind normal and abnormal cardiac rhythms. 6. feel comfortable transferring data to the Journal and interpreting that data to answer questions about their recordings. 7. have used the functions available in the Analysis window to determine values for arterial pulse amplitude and heart rate, and the amplitudes of various ECG waves.
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Lab Equipment Required: Description: In this experiment, the subject’s Pulse is recorded for at least a ten-minute period during each exercise. During the recording, an analysis of the ECG is performed by computed functions, and the results are displayed on four additional channels on the Main window: HR, HRV-LP, HRV-HP, HRV-Ratio.
Goals
1. Students will be able to successfully record pulse waves using a pulse plethysmograph and examine heart rate variability (HRV) while resting, after exercise and during a psychological test. 2. Students will be able to record and look at the effects of exercise and a stress-type test on HRV. 3. Students will continue to be successful at using the LabScribe software to move cursors, analyze data, record data to the Journal, and add functions to the Analysis window.
Outcomes
Students who have successfully completed this exercise will: 1. have recorded recognizable pulse waves and be able to calculate the heart rate of an individual from the recorded data. 2. be able to interpret data to look at HRV after exercise and during a psychological test. 3. answered questions about HRV and how HRV is influenced during times of “stress”. 4. feel comfortable transferring data to the Journal and interpreting that data to answer questions about their recordings.
